How to Build Teams Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How to Build Teams - Research Paper Example Employees who have their value acknowledge by the organization and receive respect from their boss go beyond their work jurisdiction willingly to achieve the company’s organization. There is need for companies to have a well built team of staff in the work place. In order to successfully build a team in the work place, there should be consistency and commitment. Team building is a process that calls for a comprehensive strategy which targets at developing and maintaining a work environment of team-oriented employees. When building a team in the work place, one needs to ensure purpose of the team is clearly defined. This is achieved through stating comprehensible realistic goals and making everybody in the team informed on the expectations, organization’s plan and their role in realizing the goals. The team should be made conscious of where they fit in the company through have contribution to the vision and the purpose of team building. Resources available for team build ing are very vital in coming with a team of staff in the work place. The resources should be accessible for use by the team. Furthermore, a proper communication is necessary for ensuring that connection between team members and the manger is two-way. A good team makes members feel excited on what they do and, thus, being in a position to handle challenges and failure. Creation of objectives and goals should be facilitated in a manner that allows all members to share the grounds. It is through this facilitation that talents, interests and ideas are identified from the group members. This way a shared path that influences everyone’s strength and talents is facilitated. According to the article by Allen, Pennisi & Norman on building development, high performance buildings are achieved through high performance teamwork. Given the supply chain and international competition facing the building industry, the industry has to come up with ways of developing high- performance building and a considerable reduction in energy consumption. This was the case with the United States manufacturing industry in 70’s and 80’s. It was necessary for the industry to adopt innovative and improved methods of product development in order to meet the competitive challenges. There is the necessity to make sure that a product meets what companies and customers want. High performance achieved through great products should be regarded as a norm (Allen et al 224). It is of greate value to have a customer focus organizational orientation. This entails having an understanding of customers’ needs so as to incorporate proactively the customers’ desires into the process of product development. Understanding customers’need as over the years evolved with a lot of variations but understanding what the customers want is vital in this field. In order to compete effectively in the building industry, there is the necessity to understand what is needed of a high- performance building. It should be able to tell who the customers of the industry are. Through knowing their customers, players in the building industry will have an understanding of the wide range of what they to experience. Understanding what the customer needs is of great importance as a building of high effectiveness and efficiency to its users. Such buildings are profitable to the owners as well. The building indust

Iceland’s Economy During the Credit Crunch

Iceland’s Economy During the Credit Crunch Icelands economy used to be based on fishing and high-energy industries such as aluminium until it experienced a sharp boom period in the late nineties. Money flooded into Icelands economy creating enormous growth rates and unemployment fell to almost zero. The three major banks in Iceland Landsbanki, Glitnir and Kaputhing used this money to leverage debt and invest heavily abroad. They bought everything from Hamley’s to the Somerfield supermarket chain to West Ham United Football Club. However, towards the end of this decade Icelands economy was becoming increasingly reliant on debt and once the credit crunch arrived their banks were fatally exposed. They had made the same mistake as Lehman Brothers and the other large, now defunct, US investment banks. They had borrowed short-term cash to make long-term investments. Icelands economy was hinged on the continuous rolling over of debt, which had posed no difficulties in the boom years. However once the credit became more diffic ult to acquire, then the situation of the banks became perilous and so did that of Icelands economy. The bank’s share prices began to fall as did the exchange rate of Iceland’s Krona currency. The more difficulty the banks experienced, the more Icelands economy looked to be built on an unsustainable debt bubble. The banks funding was rapidly drying up and in 2008 the Icelandic government began nationalising them as depositor’s were panicking and taking their money out. But it did not stop there for Icelands economy; foreign reserves began to dry-up as the government now also found it difficult to borrow money because the international markets didn’t believe the government could rescue the banks as well as repay their own debt. One economic commentator said that it was not just a case of it being a run on a bank; it was a run on Icelands economy! Just how serious it is has been for Icelands economy can be seen from the fact that the government announced in early Oct 2008 that they were going to attempt to get a loan from the Russian government. This is a shock move considering that Iceland is a member of NATO. In the end however Icelands economy was saved, in the short-term at least, by a loan from the Swedish government. It is hoped that this will help support Icelands economy but there are fresh fears that they are facing a sovereign default. The government confirmed this when the Prime Minister stated in a TV broadcast that Icelands economy faced ‘a real risk of bankruptcy’ due to the credit crunch. It is worth elaborating on the discussion on Icelands economy during the credit crunch by looking at the impact it was, and is, having on real consumers in the country and then on those living outside the country who might think that what happens in Icelands economy will have no impact on them. During the height of the credit crunch in Iceland, the BBC interviewed a number of people to assess their sentiment. One young woman spoke of the rapidly rising prices because so much of the food was imported and with the Krona falling, prices on the shelves were soaring. People were even bulk buying food and hoarding it according to this interviewee. Icelands economy had gone from being one the wealthiest countries to this dire situation very quickly. Another Icelandic resident said he had bought his house for 13 Million Krona last year but because of the credit crunch causing higher interest rates, he now owed 16 Million Krona on it! He said Icelands economy had been built of debt and many p eople had borrowed at low interest rates not thinking they could rise – but they did. Another couple who had recently moved from the UK to live in Iceland said they were considering moving back. They could not access their savings because their bank had been nationalised and they were panicking. They thought Icelands economy was prosperous and wealthy but now they realised it was heading for an enormous recession and they did not want to stay there to experience it. Those living in the UK might believe they are immune from problems with Icelands economy but on Oct 7th, they realised they were not. On that day, the online savings bank, Ice Save declared they had suspended withdrawals in the UK because their parent bank Landsbanki, had run out of cash. It is estimated that 300,000 UK residents had a savings account with Ice Bank. Those who believed that problems with Icelands economy would stay in Iceland were seriously misinformed. It is also worth looking at some background information on what precisely caused the difficulties with Icelands economy and why the credit crunch impacted them particularly. The question most people might ask were why Icelands economy was so affected and the simple answer to this is size. Size really matters when it comes to economic problems. The UK and US economies were big enough and diversified enough to be able to move in and recapitalise their banking systems with national resources. Iceland has a population of only 400,000 people and their banks had ballooned in size. Icelands economy, no matter how productive it was, could never bail out their banks which had been investing huge sums outside of Icelands economy. Yet the Icelandic government was caught in a trap; without a functioning banking system, it knew an economy cannot function and so they were determined to prop up their banks. However, the government poured too many of the national reserves into its banks before it re alised it was all in vain. Icelands economy was destroyed during the credit crunch because it ultimately lacked a big enough central bank like the Bank of England or Federal Reserve. In fact, some individual Iceland’s banks were far bigger than Icelands economy itself and so could never have been rescued. The lesson to learn from the experience of Icelands economy during the credit crunch is to ensure that banks are well regulated and that their loans do not grow beyond the capacity of the government to rescue them should the need occur.

Why Build Solar? Essay -- Essays Papers

Why Build Solar? The question is, â€Å"why utilize the solar energy for our homes that is given from an existing power source for free?† A simple answer could be because the source of power in the long run is for free. The truth to the statement is nothing is for free because taking advantage of the sun does require some effort, but there certainly isn’t as much effort compared to the energy sources that we use today. More importantly there aren’t any severe consequences left for the environment during the process. The more learning and the more realization of how fast the quality of life is depreciating environmentally conscious citizens look to others observing ignorance for failing to come to the same standards of view. Utilization of solar energy can be very inexpensive, making several techniques feasible for today’s homeowner. The problem is the majority of the worlds population don’t see the benefit to the environment on themselves. Throughout history the sun has been a utilized asset to civilization. The Greek have spread their building far enough apart facing south to utilize the sun’s heat, accepting the sun through large entries of the villas. They even used transparent windows to decrease the rate of solar escape. During the 1500’s the Dutch used canvas and double-pane glass to further contain the heat. In the early 19th century they used green houses to capture heat as they opened up vents to warm the main house. Other forms of solar transfer were becoming more prominent, evaporation contained and used as a water pump. Minds were heavily looking into further use of the suns power. Leaps were taking when Walker showed how a solar water heater could be connected to an auxiliary heat source. To further add ... .... Close the shades of your home to help prevent the heat from escaping. Plant deciduous trees where the sun shines the most on your home. If building a home, face it south to receive the sun the most. These methods have some how been avoided for some time. It truly is unfortunate that the only way there will be a change in the use of energy is because oil prices are exploding, oil supply is diminishing, and most likely economics will eventually create the change because solar will be cheap. The future is efficiency because the world doesn’t have a choice or we’ll be consumed by or own pollution. The climate change and greenhouse gases are pointing towards an environmentally safe use of energy. Insulation will become more technologically sound. Windows currently are expensive but strongly efficient. The world has no choice if it intends on to stay living.

Letting Nature Speak

Letting Nature Speak If you were walking in the woods and suddenly a tree started speaking to you, most likely you would either faint or start running the opposite direction. It would be pretty scary, to say the least. But nature does speak to everyone in a sense; we are just so busy with life that we do not take the time to listen. There is so much in nature that we can learn from and apply to our lives, but so often we only look at it for its face value and do not see the deeper benefits.Speaking of nature, as I stand outside on the back porch, the sun is shining and the birds are singing, the smell of freshly cut grass fills the air and the mild breeze feels so refreshing on my skin. In the background I can hear the faint sound of traffic on the highway, cars busily heading to their destinations. It has been breezy for a couple of days now, but the sun is shining and the clouds are moving. As the day progresses, the wind speed increases and the temperature steadily decreases makin g a visit to the porch a little less comfortable than it was this morning.The humidity level has steadily increased as well, making my clothing sticky and somewhat annoying, also causing my paper to become limp and not as easily manageable. The clouds seemed to be huddling together as if forming a mob, moving in slowing overhead creating a blanket between the sun and me. My pleasant sunshine has been taken away from me now and I am left with a gray blanket of cloud cover to observe, I am picking out different shapes and possible figures within them. As the clouds continue moving by, more ominous clouds replace their predecessors, making the world around me darker and darker.The temperature is cool and the breeze is stronger than it was earlier. I hear thunder rumbling in the distance, a normal precursor to a storm. The thunder seems like a would be stalker approaching from the darkness, only his footsteps are so loud it shakes the earth and rattles the windows, demanding its presenc e be known. Lightning flickers like a streetlamp attempting to turn on, but continually failing. One drop of rain lands on my cheek, another on my arm. As the rain increases in quantity, I head inside and continue watching from my window.Slowly the rain changes from a lawn sprinkler type shower to more like someone turning on a high-pressure water hose as if they were trying to douse a fire. I am now confined to my home, as if there is an army outside keeping me contained unless I want to endure their unrelenting siege. The troubles in life are much like a storm; there are always signs of it brewing but so often we are caught up in the beauty of the moment that we do not see the thunderheads rolling in behind us until it is too late.We are then caught off guard without an umbrella in the pouring rain. The rain soaking our clothes and in turn our body, is like the stress that comes with trouble forcing us to try and find shelter or something to protect us. When caught in a storm, we rarely see the beauty of it because we are focused on the damage it is causing. After a storm the grass is greener, the air smells so fresh, the sidewalks are washed clean, and there is a sense of calm and reassurance that we have made it through. The sun raises its head and always gives us a rainbow after the storm.There is a lot more to the sun then rainbows and illuminating the world as Ralph Emerson states in â€Å"Nature,† â€Å"Most persons do not see the sun. At least they have a very superficial seeing. The sun illuminates only the eye of the man, but shines into the eye and the heart of the child† (563). This is so true; often nature is only seen for its face value. Sunrise is a particularly beautiful, natural event to experience, and all to often we do not take the time to enjoy the wonderful events that unfold during a sunrise.As the sun is approaching the horizon, I hear birds singing and nocturnal animals scurrying back to their dens to sleep the day away. The birds seem to be calling to one another as if they are old men sitting at the local cafe, drinking coffee and discussing the day’s to-do list. The sky is no longer black but a deep ocean blue, like someone has turned on a light in another room, and the light is reflecting throughout the house. I hear the leaves rustle in the wind, and the trees sway as if they are stretching after a deep sleep.Slowly, things in the distance become recognizable and I can distinguish more shapes and figures. The sky becomes brighter and brighter, changing from a deep blue to a brighter shade as the sun moves closer to the horizon. Faster and faster light is filling the sky and illuminating the world around me. It is almost like opening my eyes when I awaken and taking in all the colors and objects around me. Suddenly the sun shows its bright and shining face, peeking over the horizon as if to say good morning to me.It rises slowly, becoming more and more visible, until its entirety is now shining down on me, demanding to be seen, demanding my attention. I feel the warmth on my skin, like a blanket pulled up over me. The sunrise is so beautiful but when the sun comes up all the way it doesn’t always seem as wonderful, especially if there is a lot of it. This last summer we experienced an enormous amount of the sun and the heat that comes with it and the effects seemed all negative. It caused droughts, crops to wilt, electric bills were high in the effort for the air conditioning to keep up with the heat and the list could go on.But there were some benefits to the high heat and drought. I was able to spend plenty of time inside my home this summer and I was able to downsize a lot of my belongings. My home stayed very clean all summer long because I did not want to be out in the heat and I took advantage of the time inside. I was able to catch up on my movie watching and shows that I was missing out on. I have to admit, I did miss taking my children to the park, but I was able to spend quality time with them when we were cooped up inside.Another advantage to the drought and high heat is the crime rate was lower this summer; criminals do not like the heat just like everyone else. But what is a thunderstorm or a drought in comparison to something as devastating and tragic as a natural disaster that kills thousands and leaves even more without a home. Hurricane Katrina ripped through New Orleans leaving in its wake, destruction and death. Causing many to wonder how could anything good come out of such devastation. At first there did not seem to be anything positive.Then as the clouds lifted and the water receded, people started to pull together and found in the midst of tragedy, a sense of community. Barely two months after the devastation of Hurricane Katrina, the New Orleans’ art community pulled together and reopened the doors of the Ogden Museum with an incredible turn out on opening night (Krantz). Before Katrina, the turnout staye d about 100, but over 600 citizens crammed the affair, an enormous result (Krantz). Nature has its own lessons, whether teaching us to be prepared or to look deeper and find the treasure beneath the rubble.Wearing its many different faces, nature will always put us to the test. Whether enjoying the beauty of a sunrise or the thrill of a thunderstorm rolling in, there is always something to walk away with; the beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Works Cited Emerson, Ralph Waldo. â€Å"Nature. † Sound Ideas. Ed. Michael Krasney and M. E. Sokolik. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2010. 562-564. Print. Krantz, Susan E. â€Å"When Tragedy Inspires Recovery: Visual Arts In Post-Katrina New Orleans. † Phi Kappa Phi Forum 90. 2 (2010): 8-11. Academic Search Premier. Web. Oct. 25, 2012.

Cesar Guarin “First Filipino Ultra-Marathoner” Essay

Will you gamble your own welfare for the sake of others? Cesar Guarin, a 56-year-old entrepreneur and the first Filipino, first Asian and fourth person in history to run around the world proved that with a strong determination and with a purpose to help, anyone can bring their dream into reality. Guarin is known as the â€Å"Father of the Philippines Ultramarathon†. He joined Global Run which considered as one-of-a-kind marathon and the toughest run ever that began 1983 and will end in 2016. He already finished the first four legs of his Global Run wherein he run 11,583 kilometers from 1983 to 2009. After his last run in US-Canada (2009), he will again venture in another run, 2,053 kms. in the Australia marathon, the fifth leg of his Global Run. After completing the Australia leg, he will run across- Middle East (2012), England-Norway (2012), Finlan-Moscow (2013), Egypt-Israel-Jordan (2013), Japan-Korea (2014), India-Myanmar (2014) and Thailan-Singapore (2014) to complete the marathon. Despite of different hindrances like injuries, Guarin continuously run and this time it’s for a mission. He started a fund raising projects called â€Å"Batang Pangarap† and â€Å"Global Run, Alay sa Pilipino† to help poverty alleviation in the Philippines, to reduce the number of children on the street by encouraging them to venture into sports, to campaign the tourism of the Philippines and to show his appreciation to the Filipino community abroad for helping the country (Philippines). Guarin as an Ultramarathoner showed to the world that Filipino is a one-of-a-kind race.

Bataan Death March - (Command Responsibility)

Bataan Death March - (Command Responsibility) Just hours after the Japanese sneak attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, 40,000 Japanese troops quickly organized an attack on American soldiers stationed in the Philippines. The surprise attack forced the Americans to retreat into the peninsula of Bataan on Luzon Island. There the poorly equipped U.S. troops followed orders by General Douglas McArthur to hold out until new supplies arrived. On April 9, 1942, with no help on the way and after four months of intense fighting, the Americans, together with their Philippine allies, surrendered. About 60,000 Philippine and 12,000 U.S. troops, coupled with 30,000 civilians were forced into the most brutal series of war crimes ever committed against surrendering American or Philippine soldiers, later became known as the Bataan Death March.When General Masahuro Homma accepted the surrender he encountered more POWs than he had expected. He wanted to transport the prisoners via truck but there were too many POWs so the only way to trans port the troops was to walk.ja: æ ¥ µÃ¦  ±Ã¥â€º ½Ã©Å¡â€ºÃ¨ » Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¨ £ Ã¥Ë† ¤Ã¥ ¸â€šÃ£Æ' ¶Ã¨ ° ·Ã¦ ³â€¢Ã¥ » · ï ¼Ë†Ã¦â€" §...The Japanese marched approximately 76,000 sick, wounded and malnourished 80 miles out of the area, so as to have a free hand in occupying the rest of the Bataan peninsula. They were forced to walk barefoot over gravel roads, until they reached an old Philippine army camp, Camp O'Donnell. The march, including a 25-mile stretch by train, lasted more than 3 weeks. The estimated number of POWs who arrived at Camp O'Donnell is about 55,000. Based on those numbers roughly 20,000 POWs died during the march; however, the estimates of how many troops were captured and how many died vary because of poor record keeping.During the trek several factors contributed to the death of the above mentioned 20,000 POWs. The prisoners were murdered from the conditions of the march such as existing wounds,

Brettonwoods Institution Essays

Brettonwoods Institution Essays Brettonwoods Institution Essay Brettonwoods Institution Essay 1 . What are the Bretton Woods Institutions? = There are two Bretton Woods institutions that were established by the planners at Bretton Woods in 1945. These are International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The IMF works to promote global economic growth and stability to different countries by providing policies and financing nations that are in need. The World Bank, on the other hand, lends money to devastated countries because of war and needful countries for rehabilitation and development programs. 2. What circumstances led to its formation? There are 2 reasons that I can see that led to the formation of the Bretton Woods institutions based on my research. During the Great Depression, many countries, rich or poor, were affected economically. It was a devastating worldwide economic depression after World War II. And a lot of countries were afraid for this to happen again so this is one of the two reasons why they formed the Bretton Woods Institutions. They formed these institutions to promote global economic growth and stability so that the happening in 1930 wont happen again. Another reason behind he formation of these institutions is the reconstruction of the different countries that were devastated after the World War II. Countries that were devastated after the war needed aid from the US to rebuild their nation. US used this moment to make Britain choose. But since Europe was devastated they had no choice but to accept the aid and let US prosper in the global economy. This moment was very sad for Britain because not only war the affected them terribly but also the turning point where financial power was turned from I-JK to US. 3. How did this change the relation etween/ among countries and nation states? = The United States of America became more influential than before. This can be seen when France applied for a loan in World Bank. World Bank secured that France will be able to pay the loan. But before they approved the loan, the United States Department told the French Government that it had to remove first its members associated with the Communist Party. The French complied with this and only after hours that the loan was approved. In this scenario we can see how US influenced things to be done. Focusing on the third world countries, it was difficult for them. The Bretton Woods institutions were focused more on the First world countries that the third world countries cannot cope up with policies of the Bretton Wood Institutions. To make this more specific, here is an excerpt from an essay by Victor Dike about the effect of Bretton Woods institution to third world countries. Nigeriais external borrowing dates back to the colonial period. The last colonial loan was a 1958 World Bank loan to finance the Borno Railway extension (Dike 1990, p. 3). As we have seen, the experiences of other developing nations suggest that devaluation exert a contradictory impact on real output and employment. Yet they have continued with it. Why? The reasons are contradic-tory. When Nigeria approached the International Monetary Fund in 1983 for loan, the Fund massive cuts in public subsidies in Nigeria (e. g. gasoline) made life difficult for the people. In June 1986 General Babangida announced the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) for the period of July 1986-June 1988 for the country. As social scientists have noted, the SAP was a recipe for a chain of social and political instability in Nigeria. There were riots in urban areas across the nation during this period. Many local plants were closed for lack of material inputs and spare parts. The impacts culminated in massive retrenchment of workers. The adverse effects of the SAP programs are still with Nigeria today. The economic recovery programs (the austerity measures and the SAP) were within the policy-framework recommended by the World Bank and the IMF. The key elements of the SAP programs include: 1). Exchange rate devaluation; 2). Liberalization of export trade; 3). Cut in budgetary spending; 4). Reduction of subsidies; 5) Abolition of subsidized commodity board; 6). Privatization of public enterprises; 7). Rationalization of civil service employment; and 8). Tight monetary policy (Usman, March 1999, as cited in The Guardian, April 28, 1999). Comparatively, it is appropriate to indicate that the IMF and the World Bank operate loan policies that are favorable to the GIO nations (the United States, Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Canada, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Switzerland. In this we can see that these countries would rather sacrifice their domestic economic growth for them to be able to borrow from World Bank. These loan policies should be not only focused on first world countries but also for these countries like Nigeria. As a suggestion, there should be friendly policies based on the domestic growth of a state. So that these institutions can promote global economic stability not only for first world countries but also for these kind of countries.

The Ups and Downs of Left and Right

The Ups and Downs of Left and Right The Ups and Downs of â€Å"Left† and â€Å"Right† The Ups and Downs of â€Å"Left† and â€Å"Right† By Mark Nichol Left has gotten a bad rap throughout history. Because of overwhelming majority of people are right-handed (most estimates are in the range of 85 to 90 percent), left-handedness has come to be associated with weakness the word left itself is descended from an Old English word meaning â€Å"weak.† Left-handedness was therefore until recently often seen as undesirable, and even well into the twentieth century, parents and teachers often forced left-handed children to use their right hand for writing, eating, and other basic activities. Even now, â€Å"a left-handed compliment† (also described as â€Å"a backhanded compliment†), refers to an ostensibly positive comment that is explicitly or implicitly an insult. Idioms that employ left to describe an undesirable or unusual situation include â€Å"two left feet,† referring to a clumsy dancer, and â€Å"out of left field,† meaning an unexpected comment or idea. (The latter, however, is not necessarily derogatory.) We also use left to refer to something that remains behind as a result of deliberate action or accidental oversight. Another common idiom with a negative connotation, one using this sense of left, is â€Å"left a lot to be desired.† The equivalents of left in other languages have similarly pejorative meanings. Gauche, the French word for left, also means â€Å"tactless, crude, socially inept† in English as well as French. The opposite, droit, is the root word of maladroit, which means â€Å"incompetent, inept, unsuitable.† (English has adopted and adapted that term as adroit literally, â€Å"to the right,† and meaning â€Å"appropriate† as well as maladroit.) Sinister, from the Latin word for â€Å"on the left,† came to be associated with inauspicious or unlucky events, and was borrowed by French and later English to mean â€Å"evil.† In heraldry, it refers to the right-hand side of a coat of arms (the left-hand side from the point of view of the bearer of a shield, from which the coat of arms derived), opposite the dexter, or right, side. From the Latin element dextr-, meaning â€Å"on the right,† borrowed into English as dexter, we also get the adjective dexterous, meaning â€Å"clever, skillful.† Right itself means â€Å"good, correct,† and that’s the originally connotation when referring to the right hand it’s the correct one to use. Among the many idioms suggesting the positive connotation are â€Å"right-hand man† and â€Å"the right stuff.† (The use of right and leftto refer to political ideology, each often capitalized when referring to adherents as a collective, came from the revolutionary era in France: The conservative party in the National Assembly called itself the Droit, the â€Å"right† party. The liberal faction, in opposition, came to be referred to as the â€Å"left.†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire YouPeace of Mind and A Piece of One's Mind5 Tips to Understand Hyphenated Words

Anemia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Anemia - Essay Example clude fatigue, numbness and jaundice while the more severe symptoms include dizziness extremely high blood pressure, and heart attacks (Garrison 241). For successful diagnosis, it is crucial that the medical officer introspects into your medical history and family health records since anemia for instance sickle cell can be genetically acquired. They will then check for the aforementioned signs and carry out tests, which may include; complete blood count (CBC), measuring the levels of vitamin B12 and Folate on rare occasions, the doctor may take a sample of bone marrow. The doctor will then administer treatment depending on the cause including fluids and blood transfusions in most cases, anemia caused by loss of blood can be treated by treating the cause of blood loss. Today, advanced methods of treating anemia are being developed such as gene therapy and bone marrow transfer and while still in the early stages they portend consummate improvements in the field(Garrison 2009). Ultimately, the treatment and prognosis of Anemia are relative to the severity, when it caused by bleeding such as an ulcer, one is likely to recover. When treated in the early stages, it is more likely to be cured, however, in elderly people it is more difficult to remedy than with the younger

Dialogues concerning Natural Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Dialogues concerning Natural Religion - Essay Example Finally, I will provide a discussion on the various beliefs that Plantinga thinks are properly basic. These discussions will provide a vista to bring forth arguments on Plantinga and Clark’s arguments against classical foundationalism. The main aspect under discussion, which forms the thesis problem, is the Hume’s evidentialist objection to belief in God being a function of the truths within classical foundations and such truths may not be very valid and logical especially in the contemporary philosophy. Classical foundationalism is a theory and structure of knowledge that adheres to specific forms of internalism especially in reference to providing justifications to some basic beliefs. Classical foundationalism stems from the concept of modern foundationalism developed by Rene Descartes. Rene proposed the principle of modern foundationalism on the basis of sense (Descartes 80-81). The forms of internalism are not only limited to justification of basic beliefs but also the strong access to specific requirements such as infallibility, indubitability, and incorrigibility revolving around the basic beliefs. There have been increased debates on classical foundationalism within the world of philosophy. Most of the debates revolve around the aspects that make classical foundationalism a more convincing philosophical concept and aspects that discredit the philosophical concepts. Contemporary philosophers continued to argue for and against the propositions of the classical foundationalism a s a philosophical perspective. In such debates, various propositions have been identified to support the concepts and existence of classical foundationalism. Plantinga confirms that classical foundationalism exists in the proposition that, A belief is acceptable for a person if and only if it is either (i) basic (i.e. self-evident or incorrigible), or (ii) believed on the evidential basis of propositions that are acceptable and that support it

The importance of worldviews in determining national interests Assignment

The importance of worldviews in determining national interests - Assignment Example The worldview can further be explained at a realist point of view and in this case the realists are arms advocates. Realism relies on the concept of balance of power to generate a theory or hypothesis concerning international stability and the likelihood of war and battles between states. On the contrary, the balance of power solely depends on a common foundation for power in which all dimensions can be coherently aggregated. Arms advocates believe that attaining the national interests on the basis of the worldviews is achieved through the use of weapons. That implies going to wars rather than choosing other ways such as diplomacy and negotiations to safeguard their interests (Findlay 2013). On the other hand, the worldviews can be achieved through liberalism policies basically arms control advocates. Liberalism is concerned with the restoration of peace as opposed to war. Therefore, arms control advocates postulate that the national interests can be achieved through peaceful negotiations and diplomacy, which in turn leads to treaties with mutual benefits between states. It is a good approach because it avoids war and vast destruction of property and economic downturns. However, at times it is difficult to achieve when different states have deferring ideologies (Findlay 2013). On the other hand, there exists disarmament advocates that state that nations should disarm for instance, deter themselves from embarking on nuclear weapons programs. Basically, most countries believe that they should have an arsenal of weapons to achieve national interests and the worldviews but disarmament advocates believe otherwise. However, disarmament could be a good approach if and only if every state would implement the exercise without raising false alarms yet they retain weapons. Disarmament could lead to attaining the worldviews while attaining national

Motherhood and Mothering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Motherhood and Mothering - Essay Example A woman cannot feel herself fully realized if she is not a mother – the message is. As time passes and all your friends get married and start having children, you cannot help feeling pressure and feeling a kind of outcast. Everybody persuades you that being a mother is the greatest happiness in a woman’s life and that if you do not have children you cannot consider yourself a real woman. At that most of women give birth to their children just because it is prescribed by the society. There are certain scripts as to the number of children to be born, and to the age of becoming a mother. These scripts are transferred in families from generation to generation. Certainly, women usually do not realize that it is not quite their desire but merely the scenario imposed on them, believing that it is high time for them to have children. Many women give birth to children because they cannot find their way and mission in life. Children provide an opportunity to occupy one’s l ife-time with seemingly important things. As a result many mothers give no freedom to their children, interfering with their lives and imposing own worldviews and beliefs, not realizing that their children are quite different people, who came into this world to have their own experience and follow their own path. My interviewee is a usual representative of her time. Her understanding of motherhood reflects the common approach. She is not absorbed wholly with the idea of becoming a mother, but it is only because she is very young. It is clear from her utterances that she is simply waiting for the time when she will be ready to deny her freedom in favor of her children. My friend does realize that being a mother is a hard work, as she puts it â€Å"you have to work more than full-time employment.† Yet she starts thinking of children already dreaming of the reward in a form of children’s happy faces and mutual trust. The question is

Entertainment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Entertainment Law - Essay Example The advantages of this form of business would be that this business form is easy to establish and there are no legalities involved in setting up. Once the business is set up Vick can start trading as early as possible. An overwhelming advantage of being a sole trader is that one is not required to answer to anyone as they are the sole owners. Decisions regarding the company can be made quickly and efficiently. However, being a sole trader can have a number of disadvantages such as a lack of collective minds. The owner may not have sufficient experience or knowledge to run the business and perhaps being in a partnership would help him. Being a single owner of a business can greatly affect the social life of a person as a holiday would mean a closed office. Economies of scale are also difficult to achieve and cost of production is comparatively high. If Vick decides to go into a partnership he will have to invest less capital into the starting of the business but as such the profits from the business will also have to be shared equally amongst the partners. The variety in terms of minds in the ownership will help to enhance the business through the integration of qualities from all partners. Work can be shared and so can be the liabilities of the business. If the business does incur debt in a partnership there are fewer chances of personal assets being sold off. Once again this business form has downsides of which the first would be the lack of freedom in decision making. Contracts are also required to maintain legal constraints on the business and the profit division terms need to be defined. And if one partner wishes to either retire from the business or expires the partnership is defunct. As far as a public limited company is concerned, it will allow shareholders to have limited liability in the business and raising capital is easier as an additional issuance of debenture and

Racism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Racism - Essay Example Two of these stereotypes are the idea that Chinatown and Chinese people are somehow immoral and dirty. A lot of the background of these and other racial ideas has to do with a shift in the thinking of the nineteenth century "from ethnocentrism to a radical biological determinism," where people tried to come up with scientific proof that one race was somehow better than another (Anderson 585). These resulted in stereotyping of other races and also, such as in the case of Chinatown, the splitting apart from mainstream society of other races so that their lesser qualities would not "contaminate" white society (Anderson 585). Anderson quotes a secretary of state from 1885 in Canada who says that Chinatown is "attended with evils" and that "because of their habits of lodging crowded quarters and accumulating filth, is offensive if not likely to breed disease" (Anderson 586). This idea continues to grow in the period from then until the 1920s. Darwin's ideas and other scientific advances w ere used to argue that Chinese were inferior, dirtier, and that the areas they lived were bad because of this. It was the council of Vancouver who officially labeled the area "Chinatown" in the 1890s and then actually destroyed some of the buildings because of supposed health complaints. The other idea which grew at the same time period was the idea of Chinese immorality. Anderson says the area was seen as "non-Christian, uncivilized, and amoral" and that because of this perception, Chinatown was supposed to be a lawless opium-addicted area with "wickedness unmentionable" (589). At the same time he disagrees that this perception came about purely because Chinese people were not white. He says that instead, the government was motivated by "economic competition" and racial myths which were thoroughly embedded in the government's employees (Anderson 590). 2) In the Aitken reading on school shootings, how is the media depicting these tragic events? And, what is the importance of place i n the varying reactions to the murders? Aitken talks about several school shootings which took place near San Diego in 2001, and compares these to the Columbine shooting that was so shocking when it happened. Several other authors have claimed that the Columbine shooting was inspired by Neo-nazi movements, and that it is disturbing that the media did not report on this information (Aitken 594). Although Aitekn does not think the San Diego shootings were inspired in the same way, he says there is still an element of racism in how the media represented them in news. Specifically this has to do with where the murders took place. Aitken argues that both the place of the school shootings and the way the media reported on them after they happened point towards what he calls "a normalizing and mythic geography of fear" (595). What he means by this seems to be the combination of the old idea everybody has that it can never happen where a person lives because where that person lives, at leas t in America, is always normal, middle-class, and safe. The fear and horror takes place in other parts of the world, or in non-white communities, in places other than the "mythic place of white middle-class America—

Entertainment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Entertainment Law - Essay Example The advantages of this form of business would be that this business form is easy to establish and there are no legalities involved in setting up. Once the business is set up Vick can start trading as early as possible. An overwhelming advantage of being a sole trader is that one is not required to answer to anyone as they are the sole owners. Decisions regarding the company can be made quickly and efficiently. However, being a sole trader can have a number of disadvantages such as a lack of collective minds. The owner may not have sufficient experience or knowledge to run the business and perhaps being in a partnership would help him. Being a single owner of a business can greatly affect the social life of a person as a holiday would mean a closed office. Economies of scale are also difficult to achieve and cost of production is comparatively high. If Vick decides to go into a partnership he will have to invest less capital into the starting of the business but as such the profits from the business will also have to be shared equally amongst the partners. The variety in terms of minds in the ownership will help to enhance the business through the integration of qualities from all partners. Work can be shared and so can be the liabilities of the business. If the business does incur debt in a partnership there are fewer chances of personal assets being sold off. Once again this business form has downsides of which the first would be the lack of freedom in decision making. Contracts are also required to maintain legal constraints on the business and the profit division terms need to be defined. And if one partner wishes to either retire from the business or expires the partnership is defunct. As far as a public limited company is concerned, it will allow shareholders to have limited liability in the business and raising capital is easier as an additional issuance of debenture and

Disabled People and the Rights to Social Citizenship Essay

Disabled People and the Rights to Social Citizenship - Essay Example The British government has proffered different definitions of a citizen as components of the various solutions proposed in respect of the extent social, economic and political problems and these solutions have affected the rights of individuals (Young, 1985). The Conservative government under John Major introduced a Citizen’s Charter in order to subject public services to market forces. Accordingly, citizens obtained the right to choose. This development in conjunction with privatization was considered to be the panacea for the ills of the inefficient public services. Citizenship can be perceived either by the individualist approach in which the nature of citizenship is determined by individual choice or the structuralist approach in which the determining factors are social and economic in nature. Further, â€Å"Choice-based theories are exemplified in their purest form by economics†¦. In this world, individuals seek to maximize their utility by obtaining the highest ret urn at the minimum cost from any course of action which they undertake† (Pattie, Seyd, and Whiteley, 2004, pp 138-139).Consequently, â€Å"Citizenship is a status bestowed on those who are full members of a community. [and who] †¦are equal with respect to the rights and duties with which the status is endowed† (Marshall, 1950, p. 28). These rights are of three kinds civil, political or social. The Civil rights are, â€Å"liberty of the person, freedom of speech, thought and faith, the right to own property and to conclude valid contracts, and the right to justice† (Marshall, 1950, p. 10). Political rights comprise of â€Å"the right to participate in the exercise of political power† and social rights are â€Å"the whole range from the right to a modicum of economic welfare and security to the right to share to the full in the social heritage.

What Is Illegal Racing Education Essay

What Is Illegal Racing Education Essay Illegal racing can also be street racing. There are many types of Illegal racing, street racing such as Drag racing, touge racing and Cannonball runs. Street racing is a race which involves two or more competitors who drive in a straight line for a specifield distance of a  ¼ mile. The basic skill of Drag racing are the ability to launch with ideal wheelspin and shitting as fast as possible. Besides that,that is Touge racing also know as driffing which is very famous in Japan. In Japanese Touge means mountain pass, because these races are held on mountain roads and pases. Examples of such roads include Del Dios Highway in Escondido, California and Mount Haruna, on the island of Honshu, in Japan.Cannonball Run, more commonly know as sprints, are illegal point to point round rallies that involve a handful of racers. 2.0 Presentation Analysis Nowaday Illegal street racing is very common by many teenagers.This can be seen while we on the round, many of them ride their motorcycle with the dangerous condition. It is believe that, teenagers are easily involved in Illegal street racing because of many reason. For instance the effect of their friends. It could be worse if we dont take any action order to decreased the number of teenagers who involved in Illegal street racing. Because of their attitudes, the number of accident increasing day by day. Firstly, the cause that made teenagers involved in illegal racing is affect by their friend. For example, when their friends call them to do something new and dangerous action while ride the motorcycle, they will easily accept it. This example made it clear that many of teenager, they like to show off with one another in order to get praise from their friends. It is obvious that, friends have big influence in teenager life. Many of them only thinks about the happiness without think about the disadvantages. 2.1 Cause of illegal street racing 2.1.1 Teenagers are mostly influenced by their friends As we can see, almost all of street racing is in the youth group. Their thinking, attitude and action were influenced by their peers. A most of them follow their friends rather that their own parents and teacher advice. This will very dangerous if they follow they follow the wrong path, for example illegal street racing. This is why the amount of the illegal racing increasing from day by day. 2.1.2 Teenagers feel curiosity Next, the cause of illegal racing is also because of them are curiosity. Meaning to say that a most of teenagers desire to try something new and challenging in their life. This is one factor that attracts them into the illegal racing. Their also felt that is very admirable and outstanding if they can win the race and show their driving skills such as riding in the high speed or get away from the police road blocks. They also love to break the law, because they think that it is just an amusement. People who will break the law will be a cool and great person. They will be respect by among of the illegal racer. 2.1.3 Parents should spend more time and care about their children As all know, rich family usually faces a problem with their children when the parents only have little time for family. When they are too busy handling their business and had to ignore to their children. Most of the street racers are from a wealthy family claimed that they were given too much money and freedom by their parents and no one to cares about them is also one of the factors make them involve in to street racing activity. They feel that no one family members are really care about where and what they are doing when they out of the house. Their family or the one not cares about them so they are having too much freedom from their family. 2.1.4 Money matter They also coming from a poor family forces them to join into illegal racing in order to get the prize of money when who won the race. Many of them really need money to support their own because they cant get it from their own parents. Most of them also need money to upgrade their motorbike to become more powerful, sometimes it will cost them a lump sum amount of money. 2.1.5 Mass media affect all people Many of people are easily influence thru mass media especially is teenagers. Mass media can be translated thru advertising, etc for people. Example mass media influenced the illegal racing through film or dramas that show about the action of illegal racing. 2.4 Effect of Illegal Racing 2.4.1 Effects to individual When they get the free time will be wasted with unuseful things or work like illegal race. They not interested towards the learn and read because it so bored and silly. So, their education will be distracted. Being alcoholic, gambling are also their social problem, they become rude and dont have any moral value to each other .Even though they are not a legal road user and dont have any driving license, and they still take a risky bike ride. Some of them cost their life with dangerous bike ride in an example trying to escape from police road block and fight with police. Now illegal street racing make by them as a new entertainment activity and new trend among our teenagers. 2.4.2 Effect to parent Sometime, both of parent and children does not have time with their children and this caused the children joined the illegal street racing by their bad friend. Youngsters who get involved with illegal racing, always being rude with their parents. Their children joined the illegal street racing group, their parents will as a victims if they have a problem example collision of bike ride and catch by police in illegal race, so it make their family ashamed with them. Giving a bad image to their parents will drop their family dignity. 2.4.3 Effect to community This activities might be harmful to other people and also interrupt community with bike noisy. It any illegal racing was bothered by a police they also make a police as their victims. The illegal street racing groups buddies also not respects to community elders. So, it will create unexpected to this group. 2.4.4 Effect to our country The illegal street racing activities always happen in our country. This scenario was series and cause to be worried. Government of our country have to face a trouble to solve illegal racing issues. This will make the youngster careless about our country development, because of increasing cases like murdered, rapist and robbers who involved in the illegal street racing. The illegal racing activities existence to contribute bad image to nation. Its involvements of illegal racing cause an increasingly in accident rate of motorcycle and stolen of motorcycle are correlated in illegal racing activities. Government must to increase fine and punishment to make street riser alert that government was series to decrease this problem. youngster who addicted to illegal racing had make them to lose our Malaysian cultural and not appreciate our Malaysian freedom. From these activities issues will make the police to treat them like a criminal, sent summons to them and confiscate their motorcycle. 2.4.5 Effect to the religion The illegal street racing activities will affect the repudiation of their religious. They were being no money value in their selves like being rude to parents and elders. They also not respects to their religion as example being alcoholic even religion restrict them to do that. They also neglect the religion need them to do. They take alcoholic drinks although it is not pleased not the behavior of not respecting their religious but still they keep on doing it. 2.5 Solution 2.5.1 National Service During this programmer, teenagers will be taught by many experienced teachers. The teenagers also can find more friends participating in national service. Besides that, teenagers can fill up their time by participating in the national service. The program of national service also gave all kind of training, hopefully can change their attitude. 2.5.2 School The school counselors should give a talk to remind the students about how illegal street racing will affect them and the reputation of the school. 2.5.3 Parent Parent is also so important, because both of parent and children does not have time with their children and this caused the children joined the illegal street racing. So parent sure spend more time with them children .Beside that, parent must give more care them children. 2.5.4 Government Government can promote the dangerous of illegal street racing by organizing campaigns and events to create the awareness of the effect of Illegal racing to themselves, society and the country. 2.6 Conclusions The conclusion is all parties must responsible to care our teenagers for our country to the future. Parent must spend more time with them children and give more attention for their children. Besides that, the school counselors should give a talk to remind the students about how illegal street racing will affect them and the reputation of the school. One more important thing is we must choose the right friend because friend will affect our daily life. Finally illegal racing also cause their parent worry about them. Parent, neighbor and friend also worry about them. This case will occurs accident, when accidents occur, they need to spend a lot of money to treat and waste their time. So, when their friend invite them go to racer, they should ignore any invite and think about their parents, neighbor and friend. They should spend their time in meaningful activity example join some volunteer, help parents doing household duties thus. Introduction for Question 2 What is Information Technology, information technology is by using the term of information technology (IT) was a phrase that was used by those who worked in place like college, school and hospital to processed or store them information. The information technology can be used for study, design support and operation. 3.1 Presentation Analysis of Finding How Information Technology (IT) influence our college student? 3.1.1 Communication We can communication with our lecture by using email and SMS, essential to communicate and effectively. It can help us to get closer with the lectures, when we have any problem or question we can easily find them and discuss with them. 3.1.2 Multimedia presentation For our college student a presentation consisting of pictures and words that is designed to foster meaningful learning. We also can use it for presentation example: Power point, Microsoft office and Microsoft Excel. 3.1.3 Web storage We can storage the holds data, instructions, and information on the web for future use. We can also store privacy document and folder so that can prevent from the computer hacker to hack into our computer system, this function also can pack up our pass assignment, home work and exam. 3.1.4 Creation of New Jobs One of the advantage of Information Technology (IT) is it can create many new job in the country so that the unemployment rate will be lower. For our college student we can search different types of the jobs over of the world. 3.1.5 Storing and protecting information Information technology (IT) also can protect our data and information from being hacked or wiped out in case of any technical failure. So that, student can safety save their privacy document and fold on computer without any virus corrupt that fold. 3.1.6 Internet access Not only communicate with lecture, student also can do many things by using internet. They can improve from others knowledge or experiences. In chat room, we can share any ideas and information and learn about the many diverse cultures over there. Besides that, Internet also can help student who are no English skills to learn English. Nowadays most of the college or university will upload student result on the internet, so that student can using internet check their results from any part country or word 3.1.7 Online result Nowadays, most of the college and education boards provide results on the Internet. So that, student can checks their result by using internet on anywhere. 3.1.8 E-Library E-library is a electronic library and it is contain more than thousand book, magazine and newspaper. Student can read book and refer note and find refers book from the e-library. When we want to find refers book we can just log in to the e-library to get the book. 3.1.9 Online education Internet provides the facility to get online education. We can download the lectures notes or tutorials on we own computer. We also can listens with repeatedly by lectures and get a lot of knowledge. It is also very cheap and easy way to get education. 3.1.10 learning resources Now,there are more and more learning resources in the internet by the Information Technology.Through the extra learning resources,i can easily search for information online and collect data for my tasks.In a way,this will help me to understand better of what im actually doing in an assigment.The leaning resources brings a wider information line in the education which help me to get to know more things and learn more. 3.1.11 Distance learning I can study online instead of studying in a classroom.With this method i can study by staying at home or home study with a computer.It helps in saving my travel cost and expenses to go to the school.This method is also an effective way to learn because we can easily get information online where the lecturer will use various ways to deliver information. 4.0 conclusions

The Art Of Theater :: essays research papers

The Art of Theater Neither a book nor a work, but an energy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Theater is the most remarkable art of life. It is a collaborate art combining different people into one solid group in which they work together harmoniously in order to portray a certain idea, concept, or piece of art. Theater deals with various forms of emotions and is most commonly expected to leave a trace or stimulate sentiments on the audience. The mind plays a big role in theater, for the art lies within our imagination. Our mind stimulates many different types of strong emotions such as power, anger, joy, and more. These intangible feelings created by our mind, are the reason why theater the most noteworthy art of life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Theater â€Å" is neither a book nor a work, but an energy â€Å". Theater is considered to be an energy because it is a calculated act from beginning to end. A piece of theater only lasts for a specific period of time. It has a beginning, middle, and an end. Furthermore, every theatrical piece has a predestined conclusion. Implying that the audience is most often aware of what will happen at the end of the play, yet the art of it is to keep them focused and interested until the very end. Furthermore, unlike other modes of communication, in theater one cannot go back and see a certain scene. A theatrical act takes place in the present, has an ending, and becomes part of our past. Theater is a challenge to our mind, for it makes us think and allows us to use our imagination. During a theatrical act, we are projected into a world of fantasy and imagination, a world that only lasts for a certain period of time. A period of time in which one feels pain, joy, hatred, or love. This is reinforced by the direct contact between the actors and the audience stimulating more personal emotion between different individuals. In my opinion, the art of theater is one of the most empowering factors in ones life.

The First Person Narrative Wuthering Heights :: Free Essay Writer

The First Person Narrative Wuthering Heights In Emily Bronte's text Whuthering Heights there are various characters that exercise some form of narrative function and their roles interrelate with their versions of what happens. The novel in presented in the first person narrative throughout, with the bulk of the story being presented via three main characters; Lookwood, Nelly Dean and Isabella with other characters at time presenting there own small insights. The first-degree narrator in Emily Bronte's text Whuthering Heights is Lookwood. His voice is the first we hear from the outset of the novel and essentially the entire story consists of the contents of Lookwood's diary which e has compiled from various sources, including diary entries, the back of books, stories that Nelly Dean tells him and his own first hand experiences. Lockwood is described by Dr. Tony Miller in his tutorial on Whuthering Heights as "A complete outsider...The London man, vein, convinced of his own attractiveness, partronising to Nelly, he says 'Goodness, you are very clever for a servant!'" is essence Lookwood is portrayed as a fool and he has a very specific role to play in the text. Lookwood's primary function is to demonstrate how not to understand the extraordinary people and events in Whuthering Heights through bringing in his own assumptions about the inhabitants of Thrush Cross Grange and Whuthering Heights Lookwood fails to full understand these extremely complex characters. Look wood acts as a reminder of the specialness of the people that we meet throughout the progression of the story. Nelly Dean is the person through whom we hear the bulk of the story, she is telling Lockwood of her own experiences and the experiences of others, which

Global Warming And Human Security In Ghana Environmental Sciences Essay

Africa is one of the most vulnerable parts in the universe to Global Warming. This exposure and the restrictions of hapless states to accommodate to Global Warming challenges were highlighted in Climate Change 2001, the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) . The study established how human activity ( firing dodo fuels and alterations in land-use ) is modifying the planetary clime, with temperature rises projected for the following 100 old ages that could impact human public assistance and the environment. The historical clime record for Africa shows heating of about 0.7A °C over most of the continent during the 20th century ; a lessening in rainfall over big parts of the Sahel and West Africa and an addition in rainfall in other parts of Africa. Ghana is non exempted from the hazards of these recent alterations in Global Warming and alterations in conditions forms. Although the authorities is making good to decrease the consequence of Global Warming, Gganaians and most significantly local natives have been left behind in the consciousness and engagement in both determination and execution of clime alteration policies and patterns. The survey recommends the engagement of local people and an addition in climate alteration information airing to educate the public on steps to hold the consequence of Global Warming on human security, saving of H2O organic structures and the state ‘s flora screen..Chapter ONEIntroduction 1.1 Background to the Problem Many scientists, economic experts and policy shapers now agree that the universe is confronting a menace from clime heating. The grade of the impact and its distribution is still debated. Current grounds suggests that states in temperate and polar locations may profit from little economic advantages because extra heating will profit their agricultural sectors. Many states in tropical and sub-tropical parts are expected to be more vulnerable to warming because extra heating will impact their fringy H2O balance and harm their agricultural sectors. However, small research has been done on tropical states, so small is known about the extent of these amendss. The job is expected to be most terrible in Africa where current information is the poorest, technological alteration has been the slowest, and the domestic economic systems depend to a great extent on agribusiness. African husbandmans have adapted a certain sum of clime variableness, but climate alteration may good coerce big parts o f fringy agribusiness out of production in Africa. The agribusiness sector is a major subscriber to the current economic system of most African states, averaging 21 % and runing from 10 % to 70 % of the GDP. Even without clime alteration, there are serious concerns about agribusiness in Africa because of H2O supply variableness, dirt debasement, and repeating drought events. A figure of states face semi-arid conditions that make agribusiness challenging. Further, development attempts have been peculiarly hard to prolong. African agribusiness has the slowest record of productiveness addition in the universe. Experts are concerned that the agribusiness sector in Africa will be particularly sensitive to future clime alteration and any addition in climate variableness. The current clime is already fringy with regard to precipitation in many parts of Africa. Further warming in these semi- arid locations is likely to be lay waste toing to agriculture at that place. Even in the moist Torrid Zones, increased heat is expected to cut down harvest outputs. Agronomic surveies suggest that outputs could fall rather dramatically in the absence of dearly-won version steps. The current agriculture engin eering is basic, and incomes low, proposing that husbandmans will hold few options to accommodate. Soon, public substructure such as roads, long-run conditions prognosiss, and agricultural research and extension are unequal to procure appropriate version. Unfortunately, none of the empirical surveies of clime impacts in Africa have explored what versions would be efficient for either African husbandmans or African authoritiess. This is a serious lack in African impact research, given the importance of efficient version. Although there are well-established concerns about clime alteration effects in Africa, there is small quantitative information refering how serious these effects will be. These theoretical accounts show that Africa is the most vulnerable continent in the universe to climate alteration. 1.3 Statement of the Problem In recent times, clime alteration has become important in the lives of ordinary people in Ghana and has become a topic of concern for turn toing socio-economic issues in Ghana. It has become so of import that several seminars and workshops have been held in Ghana to educate and research into issues of clime alteration. Surveies have shown that the consequence of clime alteration will devolve at a increasingly faster rate if disciplinary steps are non put in topographic point. Research findings besides indicate that clime alteration could hold an impact on human and socio-economic security. It is besides of import to observe that Ghana would be one of the states to be hardest hit by the effects of clime alteration though it contributes really small to it. Surveies have besides shown that the clime alteration would hold impacts on GDPs of most agricultural based economic systems. Despite the significance of clime alteration to Ghana and its socio economic sciences small research has be en done on the estimated impact on the ordinary Ghanaian and the macro economic sciences of the state. We need to happen out the jobs at interest, of important concern are, the nature of clime alteration in Ghana, the impact of clime alteration on homo and socio economic security. 1.4 Aims of the Study The chief aims of the survey is to analyze the nature of clime alteration in Ghana, the impact of clime alteration on homo and socio economic security. The research is aimed at specifically turn toing the followers: Nature of clime alteration in Ghana. The impact of clime alteration on Human security. The impact of clime alteration on socio-economic security. Solutions or extenuation of the impact of clime alteration. 1.5 Beginnings of Data and Methodology This subdivision will foreground the process and methods used in the research work. These consist of research design, country of survey, population sample and trying techniques, instruments for informations aggregation, method of informations aggregation and analyses of informations. 1.5.1 Research Design The research design adopted for this survey is descriptive. In this survey nevertheless a combination of instance survey and causal comparative designs were employed. This enabled the research to do usage of extended docudrama informations juxtaposed against the responses of administered questionnaires. 1.5.2 Area of Study The research covered the Sakumono Area. Sakumono is located in the coastal portion of Greater Accra Region. The country of survey is along the Accra – Tema beach route. Its length is stretches 20km apart. The Sakumono country is populated by fishermen and vegetable husbandmans and until late a important figure of urban inhabitants. 1.5.3 Sample and Sampling Technique A entire figure of 100 individuals dwelling of 20 fishermen, 20 fishwifes, 20 husbandmans, 20 market adult females, 10 craftsmen and 10 adult females with assorted trades participated in the survey. To guarantee the unity of relevant features like age, sex, matrimonial position and business, stratified random sampling technique was used for choice of the sample population. The population of traditional trades was grouped into fishermen and fishwifes, husbandmans and market Sellerss and other traditional trades. This technique ensured that all bomber groups ( fishermen, fishwifes, husbandmans, market Sellerss, and other traditional trades ) were adequately represented. 1.5.4 Instrument for Data Collection A questionnaire was used for informations aggregation. The questionnaire was designed in two parts, the first portion contained information on biographic informations of the respondents. The biographical information consists of age, sex, matrimonial position and figure of kids. The 2nd portion consists of a 14 point questionnaire grouped into 5 classs with sub points in each class. The research inquiries were used to beg information from the respondents on the followers: General cognition of the jobs of clime alteration. Impact of clime alteration on wellness and wellbeing. Impact of clime alteration on work end product. Expected action by policy shapers and authoritiess to extenuate the impact of clime alteration. 1.6 Significance of Study Climate alteration is a menace to humanity, and to Ghana as a developing state the impacts are far making. The survey would be good to locals, kids in Sakumono, the fishermen, market common people, the territory assembly, estate contractors, the authorities and Non-Governmental Organizations ( NGOs ) . Finally the survey will function as a base mention for farther academic surveies. 1.7 Scope and Limitation of the Study 1.7.1 Scope This research was based on grownups with traditional trades within the Sakumono country. It besides focused on interviews with experts in the field of clime alteration. 1.7.2 Restriction The research work was confronted with some challenges during the survey. The first job was that respondents were disbelieving as to the grounds for the research. Some people thought it was information assemblage for relocation. After the necessary account and confidence from the research worker the respondents began to collaborate but at a point started demanding for some pecuniary wages for replying the questionnaires. The research worker besides found it hard measuring needful paperss from the metrological section of Ghana since they were unavailable. 1.8 Literature Review In this subdivision a aggregation of constructs aimed to reexamine the critical points of current cognition in clime alteration has been analyzed based on the survey aims. These constructs are secondary beginnings, and as such, do non describe any new or original findings. 1.8.1 Nature of Climate Change Climate alteration is fast turning to be one of the top issues that resonate in all corridors of treatment that affect human endurance and development. Human endurance is bit by bit been disturbed by the changing of the conditions which to many people is as a consequence of human activities. From worlds to livestock everyone is affected by the changing of the conditions. The conditions is going warmer and doing intolerable conditions to human endurance. Water organic structures, agribusiness and energy are earnestly been affected. Climate alteration has hence become a planetary issue that requires a planetary response. The scientific discipline tells us that emanations have the same effects from wherever they arise. The deduction for the economic sciences is that this is clearly and unequivocally an international corporate action job with all the attendant troubles of bring forthing consistent action and of avoiding free equitation. It is a job necessitating international cooperation and leading. On the African scene, many analysts have noticed that the continent has contributed small to planetary clime alteration. Harmonizing to Camilla Toulmin, Africa has contributed really small to Global Warming. The nature of Climate Change and the breakability of African states means that African states will be negatively affected by agribusiness, land and natural resources. 1.8.2 The Impact of Climate Change on Human Security Climate alteration will impact the basic elements of life for people around the universe – entree to H2O, nutrient production, wellness, and the environment. Hundreds of 1000000s of people could endure hunger, H2O deficits and coastal implosion therapy as the universe warms, every bit good as high degrees of poorness and hapless administration has made Africa peculiarly vulnerable to the effects of clime alteration. Climate alteration will ensue in deficit of resources for human ingestion this may trip struggle between and within states, as resources and safe topographic points become scarcer, and catastrophes destroy supports, increasing the figure of migrators and refugees. For illustration, Edward, Shankar and Sergenti explicate how deficits in seasonal rains that result in drouth and economic hurt addition the likeliness of civil war by up to 50 % . Again At that meeting Margaret Beckett, UK ‘s Foreign Secretary, warned about migration on an unprecedented graduated t able due to deluging, disease and dearth. She besides said that drouth and harvest failure could do intensified competition for nutrient, H2O and energy. â€Å" It is about our corporate security in a fragile and progressively mutualist universe, † she said. Climate alteration besides has major economic deductions. Harmonizing O'Brien with clime alteration, human security in one topographic point or for one group is progressively linked to the actions and results of others possible struggles happening between nutrient and fuel production in competition for land and other resources and in the publicity of bio-fuels and other extenuation steps. Stern farther indicates that the investing that takes topographic point in the following 10 -20 old ages will hold a profound consequence on the clime in the 2nd half of this century and in the following. But if the degree of apathy shown by most states persist it would be obvious in the coming decennaries, could make hazards of major break to economic and societal activity, on a graduated table similar to those associated with the great wars and the economic depression of the first half of the twentieth century. And it will be hard or impossible to change by reversal these alterations. 1.8.3 The Impact of Climate Change on Socio-Economic Security Socio-economic factors of any state is fundamentally of its indispensable services such H2O, nutrient, adjustment and energy. These are what most unluckily has become straight impacted by Global Warming. Harmonizing to Margaret Beckett, UK ‘s Foreign Secretary, warned about migration on an unprecedented graduated table due to deluging, disease and dearth. She besides said that drouth and harvest failure could do intensified competition for nutrient, H2O and energy. â€Å" It is about our corporate security in a fragile and progressively mutualist universe, † she said. Climate alteration besides has major economic deductions. Harmonizing to a 2006 study by Sir Nicholas Stern the costs of accommodating to climate alteration could be every bit much as 10 % of universe economic end product. 1.8.4 Extenuation to the Impact of Global Warming As noticed by Sachs ( 2008 ) the attempt in turn toing Global Warming needs prompt and strong action. Because clime alteration is a planetary job, the response to it must be international. It must be based on a shared vision of long-run ends and understanding on models that will speed up action over the following decennary, and it must construct on reciprocally reenforcing attacks at national, regional and international degree. Furthermore, Stern ( 2009 ) estimates that if the universe does non move on holding the badness of Global Warming the overall costs and hazards of clime alteration will be tantamount to losing at least 5 % of planetary GDP each twelvemonth. If a wider scope of hazards and impacts is taken into history, the estimations of harm could lift to 20 % of GDP or more. This surely will be a intensifying suffering to already reeling and weak economic system position of most African states including Ghana In contrast, planetary economic analysts have besides estimated that the costs of action for cut downing nursery gas emanations to avoid the worst impacts of clime alteration could be limited to around 1 % of planetary GDP each twelvemonth. It has been suggested by Wangari ( 2004 ) that the usage of traditional cognition could be a great replacement in covering with Global Warming. Traditional cognition can be seen as that which emerges from the interaction amongst persons and between persons and their environment, ensuing in a merchandise, which has been formed and transformed by the society itself. The cognition, which is a societal concept, harmonizing to is culturally specific and has its distinguishable features, It is embedded in societal value, beliefs or norms, expressed in narratives, traditional music and other cultural activities. Local cognition that addresses climate alteration can be made from three types of information: Accrued cultural cognition, Knowledge modified through contact with other civilizations, and progressive acquisition of the environment. Autochthonal Peoples have historically played an active function in the preservation of eco-systems important to the bar of clime change.. Traditional norms and regulations have it that some yearss are prohibited for the harvest home of fuel wood in these forest channels. These steps go a long manner to let the forest to retrieve and make the status for the forest to function as a C sink to attend Global Warming. Sacred grooves or countries are frequently associated with cultural rites, such as rainmaking. Members of the community are prohibited from executing certain activities in them, including hunting, assemblage, wood film editing, cultivating, graze, etc. Taboo yearss and the establishment of local Torahs on hunting and fishing have helped to conserv e biodiversity. 1.8.5 Traveling to a Low-Carbon Global Economy Another of import measure needed to undertake Global Warming is by following the cognition in traveling to a low-carbon planetary economic system. The first is carbon pricing, through revenue enhancement, emanations trading or ordinance, so that people are faced with the full societal costs of their actions. The purpose should be to construct a common planetary C monetary value across states and sectors. Secondary, Simon ( 2007 ) contend that there is the demand to hold a comprehensive policy on engineering to drive the development and deployment at graduated table of a scope of low-carbon and high-efficiency merchandises. And the 3rd is action to take barriers to energy efficiency, and to inform, educate and carry persons about what they can make to react to climate alteration. Additionally, Ogata & A ; Sen ( 2003 ) have observed that action on clime alteration will make important concern chances, as new markets are created in low-carbon energy engineerings and other low-carbon goods and services. These markets could turn to be deserving 100s of one million millions of dollars each twelvemonth, and employment in these sectors will spread out consequently. The concluding thought would be to undertake clime alteration is the pro-growth scheme for the longer term, and it can be done in a manner that does non crest the aspirations for growing of rich or hapless states. 1.9 Agreements of Chapters Chapter one of the survey, comprise of the debut, which provides a brief background of the survey, the statement of the job every bit good as the significance of the survey. It besides outlines the general aims of the survey, the methodological analysis used for informations assemblage and analysis every bit good as a replete of literature refering the survey country. The 2nd chapter offers a comprehensive overview of the survey country, measuring the chief issues concerned which included international conventions protocols and pacts, challenges of clime alteration docket, the stairss taken to cut downing the impact of Global Warming and a situational instance of Global Warming in Ghana. Chapter three elaborates on both primary and secondary informations collected which entails presentation of facts and analysis of research results. The last chapter ( chapter four ) outlines the drumhead, decision and recommendations of the survey. ENDNOTESChapter TWOOVERVIEW OF STUDY AREA2.1 Definitions 2.1.1 Global Warming Global Warming is the regional or global-scale alterations in historical clime forms originating from natural and/or semisynthetic causes and ensuing in both intermittent but progressively frequent, utmost impacts ( e.g. big storms and heat moving ridges ) and slow on-set, permeant, cumulative effects ( e.g. extinction of life signifiers and sea degree rise ) ( Simon, 2007 ) ; climate alteration involves the interactions of many systems, such as the ambiance, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere, every bit good as the human systems. In this survey Global Warming will be used interchangeably with clime alteration. 2.1.2 Environmental security Environmental security is the protection of people from short- and long-run depredations of nature, semisynthetic menaces to nature, and impairment of the natural environment. 2.1.3 Hazard A jeopardy is a potentially detrimental physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may do loss of life or hurt, belongings harm, societal and economic break or environmental debasement ( UN/ISDR, 2004 ) . 2.1.4 Human security Human security is the protection of â€Å" the critical nucleus of all human lives in ways that enhance human freedoms and fulfilment † ( Ogata & A ; Sen, 2003 ) ; the security of persons, their supports, and human rights including economic security, nutrient security, wellness security, environmental security, personal security, community security and political security. 2.2 International Conventions, Protocols and Treaties The demand for international Conventions, Protocols and Treaties mostly is based on the fact that all states will be affected by alteration in clime. The most vulnerable, the poorest states and Populations will endure earliest and most, even though they have contributed least to the causes of clime alteration. The international convention puts a duty and committedness to every individual state to lend in little manner to cut downing the impact of the Global Warming. Since the consciousness of Global Warming took centre phase in planetary treatment there has been hosts of conventions, protocols and pacts that country geared towards sustainable development and environmental understandings. The 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, offers a roadmap towards sustainable development. Chapter 24, entitled † Global Action for Women towards Sustainable Development † , calls upon authoritiess to extinguish all obstructions to adult females ‘s full engagement in sustainable development and public life At the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, the importance of governmental committedness towards the decrease of activities that result in Global Warming was reaffirmed. The Convention to Combat Desertification ( UNCCD, 1994 ) most clearly recognizes the function of adult females in rural supports and encourages the full engagement of adult females and work forces in the execution of the convention. The UNCCD stresses the of import function played by adult females in parts affected by desertification and/or drouth, peculiarly in rural countries in developing states. Although the 1992 Convention on Biodiversity recognizes preservation and sustainable usage of biological diverseness The following convention to be looked at is the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) , which recognized the full engagement of husbandmans and pastoral rural folks. Additionally, the Kyoto Protocol, that outlines decreases in nursery grass instituted inter-governmental dialogues under the UNFCCC are germinating around the cardinal countries: extenuation, version, engineering and finance. At the 2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference ( COP13 ) in Bali, dialogues began for the post-Kyoto government ( 2012 and beyond ) . 2.3 Stairss to Reduce the Impact of Global Warming States confronting diverse fortunes will utilize different attacks to do their part to undertaking clime alteration. But action by single states is non plenty. Each state, nevertheless big, is merely a portion of the job. It is indispensable for states to hold a shared international vision of long-run ends. The undermentioned stairss as outlined provide a really utile suggestion to planetary policy shapers in their effort to outline a policy for universe to follow: Expanding and associating the turning figure of emanations merchandising strategies around the universe is a powerful manner to advance cost-efficient decreases in emanations and to convey forward action in developing states: strong marks in rich states could drive flows amounting to 10s of one million millions of dollars each twelvemonth to back up the passage to low-carbon development waies. Informal co-ordination every bit good as formal understandings can hike the effectivity of investings in invention around the universe. Globally, support for energy R & A ; D should at least dual, and support for the deployment of new low-carbon engineerings should increase up to five-fold. International co- operation on merchandise criterions is a powerful manner to hike energy efficiency. The loss of natural woods around the universe contributes more to planetary emanations each twelvemonth than the conveyance sector. Controling deforestation is a extremely cost-efficient manner to cut down emanations ; big scale international pilot programmes to research the best ways to make this could acquire afoot really rapidly. The poorest states are most vulnerable to climate alteration. It is indispensable that clime alteration be to the full integrated into development policy, and that rich states honour their pledges to increase support through abroad development aid. 2.4 Global Warming in Ghana Ghana lies on the West seashore of Africa with a Population of about 25million. The entire land country of Ghana is 238,539km2. Agribusiness represents the most of import land usage type in footings of its spacial coverage. Agribusiness in the wood takes up more than 75 % of the land while in the northern savannas ; the coverage is between 50 and 60 % . About 11 % of the land country of Ghana is under preservation. Whiles at that place has non been a important happening of natural catastrophes compared to other Asiatic and African states there are still pockets of instabilities as a consequence of the emerging issue of climate alteration. The most detrimental impacts to climate alteration for Ghana has been to H2O resources, agribusiness, and drouths. About 80 % of Ghana ‘s population depends on Agriculture for a life. Agribusiness in Ghana is extremely vulnerable to climate alteration variableness and long term clime Change which would ensue in a higher nutrient monetary values, lower domestic grosss and broadening of current history shortages due to lower export net incomes together with increased rising prices and increased external liability ( Zaragoza, 2005 Namikat, 2005 ) Ghana ‘s environment and cardinal natural resources have been progressively threatened by intensifying and unsustainable force per unit areas from fast turning population, spread outing agricultural and industrial activities and rapid urbanisation. One other major issue associated with biodiversity in Ghana is the loss of home ground and the depletion of biological resources. Persistent development of the Savannah has resulted in widespread debasement. Forest flora and dirts hold about 40 % of all the C stored in tellurian ecosystems. Release of C as a consequence of deforestation contributes to planetary clime alteration. The grounds of Global Warming in Ghana is clear in the face of a reduced rainfall, increase temperature and vaporization in dry countries, Frequent drouth enchantments taking to terrible H2O deficit, Change in seting day of the months of one-year harvests, Increased fungous eruptions and insect infestations due to alterations in temperature and humidness, Decrease in forest country and country under cultivation and Increased potency of malaria transmittal and loads on the state ‘s wellness attention system. A national Committee on Climate Change is hosted by the Ministry of Environment. This commission has the authorization of reexamining policies and plans to complement national precedences and contribute to decrease of nursery gas emanations and an addition in C sinks. The Ministry is the focal point for UNFCCC activities ( Agyeman-Bonsu, 2007a ) . Ghana signed the UNFCCC in June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro. The Convention entered intoforce globally on 21 March 1994 and specifically for Ghana on December 5, 1995, three months after Ghana ratified the Convention. In 2002, Ghana ‘s Parliament passed a declaration to sign the Kyoto Protocol ( KP ) and the KP entered into force globally on 16 February 2005 ( Agyeman-Bonsu, 2007b ) ENDNOTESChapter THREEEvaluation OF DATA3.1 Presentation of Datas A sum of 100 respondents took portion in this survey, consisting of 20 ( 20 ) representatives from each of the followers: fishermen, fishwifes, husbandmans, market adult females. There were besides were ten ( 10 ) craftsmen and 10s ( 10 ) adult females with assorted trades participated in the survey. The chief thought for placing the respondents above, recognized the above mentioned professions are chiefly been engaged by the citizens and by gender, the survey intend to set up the degree of exposure between work forces and adult females. The causes of Global Warming, impacts and how each of the identified group of respondents react to Global Warming in footings of energy wellness, H2O and life conditions. 3.2 Biographic Information For equal gender representation, an equal figure of 50 were drawn from both males and females for the survey. Table 1. Sexual activity of RespondentsMalesNumber RespondentsFemalesNumber RespondentsFishermans 20 Fishmongers 20 Farmers 20 Market adult females 20 Craftsmans 20 Womans in Trades 10Sum50503.3 Age distribution of respondents The mean age among the male respondents is 40 with that of females being 49. Most of the work forces ( 60 % of male respondents ) were aged above 35 whilst for the female respondents ; about 70 per centum were aged above 35. 3.4 Marital position Refering the matrimonial position of the respondents, 60 per centum of fishermen were married, 15 per centum had divorced, and 10 per centum were besides widowed. On a similar note, more husbandmans were said they were married ( 85 % ) , 10 per centum were widowed but 5 per centum were divorced. Among the craftsmen interviewed, more than half ( 60 % ) said they had married, none had experienced divorced but 40 per centum had ne'er married. On the portion of the female respondents, 80 per centum of the fishwifes, 70 per centum of market adult females and 50 per centum of adult females in trades said they were married. Besides, 10 per centum of fishwifes, 20 per centum of market adult females and adult females in trades had experienced divorced. More adult females in trades ( 30 % ) have ne'er married and besides more of such adult females were widowed compared to the remainder of the respondents. Table 1 Marital Status of RespondentsProfessionMarried%Divorced%Never Married%Widowed%Fishermans 12 60 3 15 2 10 3 15 Farmers 17 85 1 5 0 0 2 10 Craftmen 6 60 0 0 4 4 0 0 Fishmongers 16 80 2 10 1 1 1 5 Market adult females 14 70 4 20 0 0 2 10 Womans in trades 5 50 2 20 3 3 0 0Sum70121083.5 General cognition of the jobs of clime alteration The survey enquired signifier respondents their cognition about clime alteration. It was revealed that more of males ( 46 % male respondents were cognizant of clime alteration ) were cognizant of the planetary consent to climate alter the attempts of change by reversaling the tendency than female respondents ( 30 % of females respondents were cognizant of clime alteration ) . Figure 1. Awareness of Climate Change Campaign In all merely 38 per centum of the respondents indicated their consciousness to climate alteration run. Despite their ignorance about the run, most of the male respondents were cognizant of the jobs climate alteration is doing, mentioning among other things, hot conditions. 3.6 Impact of clime alteration on wellness and good being 60 per centum of female respondents complained of frequent wellness jobs but merely 46 % of male respondents said they have noticed alterations in wellness related jobs. More fishermen ( 65 % ) reported that the rate of trial to infirmary hold increased in recent times. This is followed by adult females in trades, where 50 % indicated of frequent wellness jobs. On the general wellbeing of the people interviewed, a pouncing proportion of females ( 90 % ) complained of economic adversity as a consequence of less gross revenues and lower incomes. Besides, about 55 % of males interviewed complained that there has been recent economic adversity as a consequence of decrease in end product of work. 3.7 Impact of clime alteration on work end product From the survey, 60 % female respondents indicated that productiveness has enormously reduced. As one adult female commented â€Å" bad conditions affects the fish we can catch † . Less fish caught affect the gross revenues and gross of fishwifes, which finally reduces incomes for families. Craftsmans and adult females in unidentified trade both complained of deficit of gross revenues marks. 3.8 Expected action by policy shapers and authoritiess to extenuate the impact of clime alteration The survey farther wanted to happen out the expected actions locals expect from authoritiess and policy shapers with respect to climate alteration. The consequence were that 55 % of entire respondents said their positions as locals and natives needed to be sought when outlining any national policy. Respondents who presumptively are at the closest to the creative activity and care of clime alteration are non included in policy and decision-making. About 20 % said they wanted authorities to demo more commitment to any policy drafted and shoot more financess towards climate direction. 3.9 Pictures demoing the impact of Global Warming on the Sakumono Lagoon The images in Appendix B seek to reenforce the points that Global Warming is impacting human and economic security in Ghana. The captioned exposure depicts assorted cases and conditions back uping this averment.Chapter FOURSUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION4.1 Drumhead The activities of few fabrication and agricultural industries in Ghana consequences in high-carbon coevals that has negative effects on clime alteration. Alternate low-carbon emanations that would non cut down economic growing could be used where available. It has been established that developed states account for 80 % of planetary emanations lending to the depletion of the ozone bed. The necessary force per unit area could be put on states most responsible for green house concentration in the ambiance to cut down their emanations significantly. The research found out that ordinances on land usage was loose and those who degrade land travel unpunished. Methods could be devised to better land direction of ecological sites to conserve biodiversity, peculiarly in wetland countries. There no local engagement in protection and direction of the Sakumono laguna and its environments. The Autochthonal people could be included in the preservation of eco-systems through the usage of local imposts to forestall clime alteration. Thirty-eight per centum of the respondents were non cognizant of the impacts of Global Warming and could non entree and utilize day-to-day conditions prognosiss of the Meteorological Department. The usage of local idioms could be used to better conditions information distribution. The research established that 67 % the respondents were non adequately accommodated and were at hazard of the conditions. Housing strategies on flexible footings could be provided to locals who can non afford equal lodging. Waste disposal at the Sakumono Lagoon and its environ were disorderly and set in topographic points that threatened the endurance of the laguna with its vegetations and zoologies. Existing environmental ordinances on waste disposal could be enforced. The respondents ‘ reported 89 % frequent contraction of respiratory diseases in the past 5 old ages. Health installations could be extended to the locals particularly those prone to these diseases ( the aged and kids ) . The research established that there were no co-ops supplying fiscal and other signifiers of support for the hapless land-dwellers, fishermen and market adult females. Cooperatives could be formed to supply fiscal and other signifiers of support to the locals in the Sakumono general country. Eighty-five per centum of respondents use wood coal or firewood for cookery intents. The debut of reasonably monetary value gas could cut down dependance on wood coal and firewood. 4.2 Decision Ghana is vulnerable and delicate to climate alteration depends chiefly as a consequence of less governmental committedness and deficiency of information to the chief participants of the environment. This is coupled with institutional failings and this could take to serious impact on wellness, nutrient, H2O and endurance of its citizen in decennaries in front. 4.3 Recommendations The authorities and municipal assemblies in Climate Change extenuation should concentrate on alternate low C development and usage, that does non cut down economic growing. On international platforms and during international conventions the authorities should set the necessary force per unit area on states most responsible for green house concentration in the ambiance to cut down emanations significantly. Industries in Ghana, both fabrication and agricultural should follow emanation decrease inventions where available. The Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources in concurrence with municipal assemblies should invent steps to better land direction of ecological sites to conserve biodiversity, peculiarly in our wetland countries. There is the demand to name for multi sectorial attack to a sustainable development scheme of the environment which recognizes the engagement of Autochthonal people because of their historical engagement as active participants in the preservation of eco-systems important to the bar of clime alteration. The Meteorological Department should set up improved conditions prediction and information distribution. The authorities, municipal assemblies and non-governmental administrations should assist the autochthonal and hapless population at hazard to efficaciously get by with high temperature extremes and fickle rainfall forms. This can be done by supplying strategies to supply places with better insularity and aeration, against utmost heat and cold conditions every bit good as offer other building betterments. The Environmental Protection Council should implement ordinances on waste disposal. The Ghana Health Service should be active in the proviso of timely wellness support for susceptible people. Banks and NGOs should provide for and beef up concerted establishments to let hapless land-dwellers, fishermen and market adult females to portion the costs associated with market engagement. The Ministry of Energy should hasten and regulate the proviso of domestic gas.